The events 1800 to 1829

1800s

• 1801: Giuseppe Piazzi discovers the dwarf planet Ceres.
• 1801: Thomas Jefferson elected President of the United States by the United States House of Representatives, following a tie in the Electoral College (United States)
• 1801: The Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland merge to form the United Kingdom.
• 1801: Ranjit Singh crowned as King of Punjab.
• 1801: Napoleon signs the Concordat of 1801 with the Pope.
• 1801: Cairo falls to the British.
• 1801: Assassination of Tsar Paul I of Russia.
• 1801: British defeat French at the Second Battle of Abukir
• 1801–1815: the First Barbary War and the Second Barbary War between the United States and the Barbary States of North Africa
• 1802: Treaty of Amiens between France and the United Kingdom ends the War of the Second Coalition.
• 1802: Ludwig van Beethoven performs his Moonlight Sonata for the first time.
• 1803: William Symington demonstrates his Charlotte Dundas, the "first practical steamboat".
• 1803: The United States more than doubles in size when it buys out France's territorial claims in North America via the Louisiana Purchase. This begins the U.S.'s westward expansion to the Pacific referred to as its Manifest Destiny which involves annexing and conquering land from Mexico, Britain, and Native Americans.
• 1803: The Wahhabis of the First Saudi State capture Mecca and Medina.
• 1803: War breaks out between Britain and France; this is considered by some to be the beginning of the Napoleonic Wars.
• 1804: Haiti gains independence from France and becomes the first black republic.
• 1804-1813: Russo-Persian War.
• 1804: Austrian Empire founded by Francis I.
• 1804: Napoleon crowns himself Emperor of the French.
• 1804: World population reaches 1 billion.
• 1804: First steam locomotive begins operation.
• 1804: Morphine first isolated.
• 1804–1810: Fulani Jihad in Nigeria.
• 1804–1815: Serbian revolution erupts against the Ottoman rule. Suzerainty of Serbia recognized in 1817.
• 1805: The Battle of Trafalgar eliminates the French and Spanish naval fleets and allows for British dominance of the seas, a major factor for the success of the British Empire later in the century.
• 1805: Napoleon decisively defeats an Austrian-Russian army at the Battle of Austerlitz.
• 1805–1848: Muhammad Ali modernizes Egypt.
• 1806: Holy Roman Empire dissolved as a consequence of the Treaty of Pressburg.
• 1806: Cape Colony becomes part of the British Empire.
• 1806-1812: Russo-Turkish War, Treaty of Bucharest.
• 1807: Britain declares the Slave Trade illegal.
• 1808: Beethoven performs his Fifth Symphony
• 1808–1809: Russia conquers Finland from Sweden in the Finnish War.
• 1808–1814: Spanish guerrillas fight in the Peninsular War.
• 1809: Napoleon strips the Teutonic Knights of their last holdings in Bad Mergentheim.

1810s

• 1810: The University of Berlin was founded. Among its students and faculty are Hegel, Marx, and Bismarck. The German university reform proves to be so successful that its model is copied around the world (see History of European research universities).
• 1810: The Grito de Dolores begins the Mexican War of Independence.
• 1810: The Trumpet gets valves.
• 1810s–1820s: Most of the Latin American colonies free themselves from the Spanish and Portuguese Empires after the Latin American wars of independence.
• 1812: The French invasion of Russia is a turning point in the Napoleonic Wars.
• 1812–1815: War of 1812 between the United States and the United Kingdom
• 1813: Jane Austen publishes Pride and Prejudice
• 1814: Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba.
• 1814: Elisha Haydon Collier invents the Flintlock Revolver.
• 1813–1907: The contest between the British Empire and Imperial Russia for control of Central Asia is referred to as the Great Game.
• 1814–16: Anglo-Nepalese War between Nepal (Gurkha Empire) and British Empire.
• 1815: The Congress of Vienna redraws the European map. The Concert of Europe attempts to preserve this settlement, but it fails to stem the tide of liberalism and nationalism that sweeps over the continent.
• 1815: Napoleon escapes exile and begins the Hundred Days before finally being defeated at the Battle of Waterloo and exiled to St Helena. His defeat brings a conclusion to the Napoleonic Wars and marks the beginning of a Pax Britannica which lasts until 1914.
• 1815: Jane Austen publishes Emma in December.
• 1816: Year Without a Summer: Unusually cold conditions wreak havoc throughout the Northern Hemisphere, likely caused by the 1815 explosion ofMount Tambora.
• 1816: Independence of Argentina.
• 1816–1828: Shaka's Zulu Kingdom becomes the largest in Southern Africa.
• 1817: Principality of Serbia becomes suzerain from the Ottoman Empire. Officially independent in 1867.
• 1817: First Seminole War begins in Florida.
• 1817: Russia commences its conquest of the Caucasus.
• 1818: Mary Shelley writes Frankenstein.
• 1818: Independence of Chile.
• 1819: Peterloo massacre in England.
• 1819: The modern city of Singapore is established by the British East India Company.
• 1819: Théodore Géricault paints his masterpiece The Raft of the Medusa, and exhibits it in the French Salon of 1819 at the Louvre.

[edit]1820s

1816: Shaka rises to power over the Zulu Kingdom. Zulu expansion was a major factor of the Mfecane (“Crushing”) that depopulated large areas of southern Africa

• 1820: Missouri Compromise.
• 1820: Regency period ends in the United Kingdom.
• 1820: Discovery of Antarctica.
• 1820: Liberia founded by the American Colonization Society for freed American slaves.
• 1820: Dissolution of the Maratha Empire.
• 1820–1835: At least 5000 Mexicans die in Apache raids, and 100 settlements are destroyed.^[8]
• 1821: Mexico gains independence from Spain with the Treaty of Córdoba.
• 1821: Peru declares its independence from Spain.
• 1821: Navarino Massacre.
• 1822–1823: First Mexican Empire, as Mexico's first post-independent government, ruled by Emperor Agustín I of Mexico.
• 1821–1830: Greece becomes the first country to break away from the Ottoman Empire after the Greek War of Independence.
• 1822: Prince Pedro of Brazil proclaimed the Brazilian independence on September 7. On December 1, he was crowned as Emperor Dom Pedro I of Brazil.
• 1823–1887: The British Empire annexed Burma (now also called Myanmar) after three Anglo-Burmese Wars.
• 1823: Monroe Doctrine declared by US President James Monroe.
• 1824: Premiere of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony.
• 1825: Erie Canal opened connecting the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean.
• 1825: First isolation of aluminum.
• 1825: Independence of Bolivia.
• 1825: The Stockton and Darlington Railway, the first public railway in the world, is opened.
• 1825: The Decembrist revolt.

Decembrists at the Senate Square.

• 1825–1828: The Cisplatine War results in the independence of Uruguay.
• 1826: Samuel Morey patents the internal combustion engine.
• 1826–1828: After the final Russo-Persian War, the Persian Empire took back territory lost to Russia from the previous war.
• 1827: Death of William Blake, Ludwig van Beethoven
• 1828–1832: Black War in Tasmania leads to the near extinction of the Tasmanian aborigines
• 1829: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Faust premieres.
• 1829: First electric motor built.
• 1829: Sir Robert Peel founds the Metropolitan Police Service, the first modern police force.