History of Indus River (Geography)

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History of Tamil cuisine(Influence abroad &Typical Tamil feast - Virundhu Sappadu )

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Influence abroad   [ edit ] Historically, Tamil cuisine has traveled to many parts of the world. Most notably traces were found by archeologists that Tamil cuisines were supplied to the ancient  Rome . It traveled to Philippines ,  Greece ,  Middle East ,  Malaysia ,  Singapore  and  Thailand  via traders ( Nagarathar ) from  Tamil Nadu  who are Karaikudi Chettiars. Along with Chinese, it has influenced these international cuisines to what they are today, especially one can see the impact of Tamil cuisine in Malaysian cuisines like parotta kurma (Roti canai/Roti Telur) and curried items.  South Africa ,  Trinidad and Tobago ,  Guyana ,  Martinique ,  Guadeloupe ,  Mauritius , and  Réunion   Indian  cooking is also influenced by Tamil cuisine, which was brought by Indians in the late 19th century. Typical Tamil feast - Virundhu Sappadu   ‘Virundhu’ in Tamil means ‘feast’, when...
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Raja raja chola I (Administration | Officials | Religious policy )

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Administration Before the reign of Raja Raja I, parts of the Chola territory were ruled by hereditary lords and princes who were in a loose alliance with the Chola rulers.Raja Raja initiated a project of land survey and assessment in 1000 which led to the reorganization of the empire into units known as valanadus. From the reign of Raja Raja Chola I until the reign of  Vikrama Chola  in 1133, the hereditary lords and local princes were either replaced or turned into dependent officials. This led to the king exercising a closer control over the different parts of the empire. Rajaraja strengthened the local self-government and installed a system of audit and control by which the village assemblies and other public bodies were held to account while retaining their autonomy. [ To promote trade, he sent the first Chola mission to  China . Officials Rajendra Chola I  was made a co-regent during the last years of Rajaraja’s rule. He was the supreme ...
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Raja raja chola I (Military conquests)

Military conquests Rajaraja created a powerful standing army and a considerable navy. A number of regiments are mentioned in the Thanjavur inscriptions. These regiments were divided into elephant troops, cavalry and infantry and each of these regiments had its own autonomy and was free to endow benefactions or build temples. Early campaigns Rajaraja began his first campaign in the eighth year of his reign. The  Pandyas ,  Cheras  and the  Sinhalas  allied against the Cholas. In 994, Rajaraja destroyed the fleet of the Chera king Bhaskara Ravi Varman Thiruvadi (c. 978–1036) in the  Kandalur War . Rajaraja defeated the Pandya king Amarabhujanga and captured the port of Virinam. To commemorate these conquests, Rajaraja assumed the title  Mummudi Chola , a title used by  Tamil  kings who ruled the three kingdoms of  Cholas ,  Pandyas  and  Cheras . In 1008, Rajaraja captured  Udagai  ...
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